Long-Term Dynamic of Cold Stress during Heading and Flowering Stage and Its Effects on Rice Growth in China

Short episodes of low-temperature stress during reproductive stages can cause significant crop yield losses, but our understanding the dynamics extreme cold events and their impact on rice growth in past present climate remains limited. In this study, by analyzing historical climate, phenology component data, spatial temporal variability heading flowering its China was characterized. The results showed that unevenly distributed throughout study region, with most severe observed Yunnan Plateau altitudes higher than 1800 m. With increasing temperature, a decreasing trend across three ecoregions after 1970s. However, phenological-shift effects prolonged growing period have slowed down led to an underestimation magnitude events. Meanwhile, will still be potential threat production. stress-induced loss is related both intensification contribution components regions.